India’s struggle for independence is incomplete without the mention of brave women who laid down their lives for the nation. Among these heroes, Matangini Hazra stands tall as a symbol of courage, determination, and patriotism. Known as “Gandhi Buri” (Old Lady Gandhi), she was an unyielding force during the Quit India Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.
Early Life and Background
Matangini Hazra was born on October 19, 1870, in a small village called Hogla, near Tamluk in the Midnapore district of West Bengal. She belonged to a poor peasant family and had little formal education. Married at the age of 12 to Trilochan Hazra, a much older man, she was widowed by the age of 18 and never remarried.
Despite her humble beginnings and minimal education, Hazra developed a deep sense of nationalistic pride. Her hardships made her resilient and laid the foundation for the fearless warrior she would become.
Introduction to the Freedom Struggle
In her early sixties, Matangini was introduced to the Indian freedom struggle. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, she became actively involved in the Salt Satyagraha and later joined the Quit India Movement. Even at an advanced age, she took part in protest marches, picketing, and breaking colonial laws.
Hazra became a prominent member of the Indian National Congress and worked alongside many renowned leaders. She often led groups of women protesters and participated in demonstrations, despite frequent arrests and police brutality.
Key Contributions and Activities
- Salt Satyagraha (1930): Matangini actively participated in this movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, which aimed to defy the salt laws imposed by the British.
- Civil Disobedience Movement: She was arrested several times for her involvement in protests, picketing shops selling foreign goods, and boycotting British products.
- Quit India Movement (1942): One of her most iconic moments occurred during this movement. Hazra led a large procession towards the Tamluk Police Station. When police opened fire, she continued marching with the Indian flag in hand, shouting “Vande Mataram.” She was shot multiple times but did not stop until she succumbed to her injuries.
Martyrdom and Legacy
Matangini Hazra died on September 29, 1942, at the age of 71. Her sacrifice made a significant impact and inspired thousands to join the freedom movement. Her story of bravery, particularly at an age when most would retire from active life, is unparalleled.
Her legacy is honored through:
- Statues: A statue of Matangini Hazra stands in Kolkata near the Maidan, one of the few statues of a woman freedom fighter in the city.
- Schools and Roads: Several schools, roads, and public institutions across West Bengal are named after her.
- Postage Stamp: In 2002, the Indian Government issued a commemorative postage stamp in her honor.
Inspiration for Generations
Matangini Hazra’s life is a beacon of inspiration. Her courage proves that age and gender are no barriers to patriotism. She showed that the power of conviction and dedication can lead to monumental changes, even when facing extreme adversity.
FAQs about Matangini Hazra
Q1: When was Matangini Hazra born?
A: Matangini Hazra was born on October 19, 1870.
Q2: What was Matangini Hazra famous for?
A: She was known for her active role in India’s freedom struggle and her martyrdom during the Quit India Movement.
Q3: How did Matangini Hazra die?
A: She was shot by British police during a protest march while carrying the Indian flag and chanting “Vande Mataram.”
Q4: What was her nickname?
A: She was affectionately called “Gandhi Buri,” which means Old Lady Gandhi.
Q5: Has the government honored her?
A: Yes, with statues, institutions named after her, and a postage stamp released in her memory.
Conclusion
Matangini Hazra’s unwavering commitment to India’s independence serves as a powerful reminder of the role women played in shaping the country’s destiny. Her story must be told, remembered, and celebrated. As we enjoy the freedom she helped win, let us honor her sacrifice by standing up for truth, justice, and equality.
